{"documentCount":1,"nextId":1,"documentIds":{"0":1},"fieldIds":{"title":0,"abstract":1,"authors":2,"text":3},"fieldLength":{"0":[13,112,9]},"averageFieldLength":[13,112,9],"storedFields":{"0":{"html":"\n<details>\n    <summary>\n        <div>\n            <h3><a href=\"/articles/effectiveness-different-mouthwash-agents-herb-extracts-inhibition-streptococcus-mutans-biofilm\"><p>Effectiveness of different mouthwash agents and herb extracts in\ninhibition of <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> biofilm</p>\n</a></h3>\n            <ol class=\"authors\">\n                \n                <li>Jamie Wen</li>\n                \n                <li>Xuan Ling Kee, Shannon</li>\n                \n                <li>Samantha Mi Mi Chan</li>\n                \n            </ol>\n            <span>\n                <strong>\n                    \n                    Preprint\n                    \n                </strong>\n                |\n                <time datetime=\"2026-05-22T06:04:29.989Z\">\n                    <em>May 22, 2026</em>\n                </time>\n            </span>\n        </div>\n    </summary>\n    <div class=\"abstract\">\n        <p>This study aims to examine the efficacy of different mouthwash agents\nand Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) extracts in the removal of\n<em>Streptococcus mutans</em> ATCC 25175 (<em>S. mutans</em>) biofilm\nand reducing growth of planktonic cells after rinsing. Crystal violet\nassay, well diffusion assay and MTT assay were utilised to determine the\nefficacy of the individual mouthwashes and extracts. The data shows that\nCetyl Pyridinium Chloride and water extracted <em>Rhizoma coptidis</em>\n(Huang Lian) and <em>Fructus armeniaca mume</em> (Wu Mei), had the best\nholistic performance, with it being the most effective mouthwash in both\nbiofilm removal and in the reduction of planktonic cells. Mouthwash\ncontaining ethanol as the active ingredient performed the worst with\nonly a 49.8% decrease in biofilm. Water extracted herbs performance was\nsuperior to that of organic solvent extracted herbs. No synergistic\neffects between the different TCM extracts were found, instead, an\nantagonistic effect between Huang Lian and Wu Mei was observed. We\neventually hope to design and test an alternative natural mouthwash\nincorporating Huang Lian and/or Wu Mei extracts, identifying the\nspecific active compound found in the respective herbs.</p>\n\n    </div>\n</details>\n"}},"dirtCount":0,"index":[["kee",{"2":{"0":1}}],["ling",{"2":{"0":1}}],["lian",{"1":{"0":3}}],["xuan",{"2":{"0":1}}],["jamie",{"2":{"0":1}}],["natural",{"1":{"0":1}}],["no",{"1":{"0":1}}],["found",{"1":{"0":2}}],["fructus",{"1":{"0":1}}],["49.8",{"1":{"0":1}}],["or",{"1":{"0":1}}],["organic",{"1":{"0":1}}],["observed",{"1":{"0":1}}],["only",{"1":{"0":1}}],["of",{"0":{"0":2},"1":{"0":6}}],["identifying",{"1":{"0":1}}],["it",{"1":{"0":1}}],["incorporating",{"1":{"0":1}}],["instead",{"1":{"0":1}}],["ingredient",{"1":{"0":1}}],["individual",{"1":{"0":1}}],["inhibition",{"0":{"0":1}}],["in",{"0":{"0":1},"1":{"0":5}}],["both",{"1":{"0":1}}],["between",{"1":{"0":2}}],["being",{"1":{"0":1}}],["best",{"1":{"0":1}}],["biofilm",{"0":{"0":1},"1":{"0":3}}],["hope",{"1":{"0":1}}],["holistic",{"1":{"0":1}}],["had",{"1":{"0":1}}],["huang",{"1":{"0":3}}],["herbs",{"1":{"0":3}}],["herb",{"0":{"0":1}}],["was",{"1":{"0":2}}],["water",{"1":{"0":2}}],["worst",{"1":{"0":1}}],["with",{"1":{"0":2}}],["wu",{"1":{"0":3}}],["wen",{"2":{"0":1}}],["we",{"1":{"0":1}}],["were",{"1":{"0":2}}],["well",{"1":{"0":1}}],["performed",{"1":{"0":1}}],["performance",{"1":{"0":2}}],["pyridinium",{"1":{"0":1}}],["planktonic",{"1":{"0":2}}],["design",{"1":{"0":1}}],["decrease",{"1":{"0":1}}],["determine",{"1":{"0":1}}],["data",{"1":{"0":1}}],["diffusion",{"1":{"0":1}}],["different",{"0":{"0":1},"1":{"0":2}}],["utilised",{"1":{"0":1}}],["violet",{"1":{"0":1}}],["rhizoma",{"1":{"0":1}}],["rinsing",{"1":{"0":1}}],["respective",{"1":{"0":1}}],["reduction",{"1":{"0":1}}],["reducing",{"1":{"0":1}}],["removal",{"1":{"0":2}}],["compound",{"1":{"0":1}}],["containing",{"1":{"0":1}}],["coptidis",{"1":{"0":1}}],["chan",{"2":{"0":1}}],["chloride",{"1":{"0":1}}],["chinese",{"1":{"0":1}}],["cetyl",{"1":{"0":1}}],["cells",{"1":{"0":2}}],["crystal",{"1":{"0":1}}],["growth",{"1":{"0":1}}],["samantha",{"2":{"0":1}}],["shannon",{"2":{"0":1}}],["shows",{"1":{"0":1}}],["specific",{"1":{"0":1}}],["synergistic",{"1":{"0":1}}],["solvent",{"1":{"0":1}}],["superior",{"1":{"0":1}}],["s",{"1":{"0":1}}],["study",{"1":{"0":1}}],["streptococcus",{"0":{"0":1},"1":{"0":1}}],["25175",{"1":{"0":1}}],["test",{"1":{"0":1}}],["tcm",{"1":{"0":2}}],["traditional",{"1":{"0":1}}],["that",{"1":{"0":2}}],["the",{"1":{"0":13}}],["this",{"1":{"0":1}}],["to",{"1":{"0":4}}],["mi",{"2":{"0":2}}],["most",{"1":{"0":1}}],["mouthwashes",{"1":{"0":1}}],["mouthwash",{"0":{"0":1},"1":{"0":4}}],["mei",{"1":{"0":3}}],["medicine",{"1":{"0":1}}],["mume",{"1":{"0":1}}],["mutans",{"0":{"0":1},"1":{"0":2}}],["mtt",{"1":{"0":1}}],["eventually",{"1":{"0":1}}],["ethanol",{"1":{"0":1}}],["effect",{"1":{"0":1}}],["effects",{"1":{"0":1}}],["effective",{"1":{"0":1}}],["effectiveness",{"0":{"0":1}}],["efficacy",{"1":{"0":2}}],["extracted",{"1":{"0":3}}],["extracts",{"0":{"0":1},"1":{"0":4}}],["examine",{"1":{"0":1}}],["alternative",{"1":{"0":1}}],["antagonistic",{"1":{"0":1}}],["an",{"1":{"0":2}}],["and",{"0":{"0":1},"1":{"0":10}}],["a",{"1":{"0":1}}],["active",{"1":{"0":2}}],["as",{"1":{"0":1}}],["assay",{"1":{"0":3}}],["armeniaca",{"1":{"0":1}}],["after",{"1":{"0":1}}],["atcc",{"1":{"0":1}}],["aims",{"1":{"0":1}}],["agents",{"0":{"0":1},"1":{"0":1}}]],"serializationVersion":2}